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Several reports have described pica in individuals with documented iron deficiency, although there has been uncertainty as to whether the iron deficiency was a cause of pica or a result of it. One widely held theory points to iron deficiency as a major cause of pica. certain cultural or religious traditionsĮvidence suggests that there may be several causes of pica.poor nutrition or low blood levels of iron and other minerals.developmental delay and mental retardation.Eating the skin patch increased the patient's dose of the drug by a factor of 10.Īlthough pica can occur in individuals of any background, a higher incidence of pica is associated with: In one unusual case, the patient ingested transdermal patches of fentanyl, an opioid medication given for severe pain.
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However, pica involving dozens of other substances, including cigarette butts and ashes, hair, paint chips, and paper have also been reported. Some of the most commonly described types of pica are eating earth, soil or clay (geophagia), ice (pagophagia) and starch (amylophagia). Pica in humans has many different subgroups, defined by the substance that is ingested. In addition to humans, pica has been observed in other animals, including the chimpanzee. The word pica comes from the Latin name for magpie, a bird known for its unusual and indiscriminate eating habits. Pica has been observed in ethnic groups worldwide, in both primitive and modernized cultures, in both sexes, and in all age groups. The puzzling phenomenon of pica has been recognized and described since ancient times.
#Pica syndrome list manual#
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, classifies it as a feeding and eating disorder of childhood. Pica is the persistent craving and compulsive eating of nonfood substances.